Bronchiectasis. Coloured bronchogram (X-ray) of the lung of a patient with bronchiectasis. This is a disorder in which the bronchi and bronchioles, the airways of the lungs, are dilated and distorted. This damages the tissue making it more prone to infection. It is a result of scarring caused by previous lung infections, most commonly tuberculosis. Treatment is aimed at controlling infections. A bronchogram is obtained by performing a chest X-ray after injection of a contrast medium.