Lunar phases diagram, 17th century. The title text is in Latin. The Sun is at top, and the Earth is at centre. Circling the Earth is the Moon. Clockwise from top, there are eight phases: New Moon, waxing crescent, waxing half moon (First Quarter), waxing gibbous, Full Moon, waning gibbous, waning half moon (Last Quarter), and waning crescent. This diagram is from Argoli's Ephemerides (1659) by the Italian astronomer and scholar Andrea Argoli (1570-1657). An ephemerides is a table of data for the positions of astronomical objects in the sky for a range of different times.