Portrait of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Austrian psychologist and founder of psychoanalysis. Freud was born in Czechoslovakia, but moved to Vienna with his family in 1860. There he studied medicine, specialising in neurology. In 1887 he started studying hysteria using hypnosis, finding that many patients would reveal repressed subconscious memories. This he assigned as a cause of hysteria, and in the 1890s started to use conversational analysis in place of hypnosis. He was also convinced of the relevance of dreams to the mental state. In 1900 he published The Interpretation of Dreams", and in 1905 his revolutionary papers on infant sexuality."