J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967), the American theoretical physicist. From 1943-45 he was in charge of the secret Los Alamos Laboratory, New Mexico, where the first atomic bomb was designed & built. Later he fought for international control of the bomb and he was a high-profile opponent to the development of the more potent hydrogen bomb. In 1947-53 he was chairman of the general advisory committee to the Atomic Energy Commission (the AEC, from whom he also received the Fermi award in 1963). In 1954 however the AEC removed his security clearance, mainly due to the testimony of Edward Teller.