Human skull. Historical anatomical artwork of the bones of the skull of a human male. This exploded view shows the bones separated along the joints (sutures) that are fused in an intact skull. The first three vertebrae in the neck are also shown, and are separated to show the nature of the joints. The upper and lower jaw bones (lower right) contain 32 permanent teeth. Artwork from the 19th-century book Atlas of Anatomy, by Bourgery and Jacob. This book, which took over 20 years to complete, was published in France in 8 volumes from 1831 to 1854. It contained 726 colour plates covering both anatomy and surgical techniques.