Romania; village of Sarmizegetusa: relics of columns of the Terapilum (quadruple arch of triumph) at entrance to old forum; in archeological area of Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa; background; The Roman settlement of Sarmizegetusa; literary meaning "fortress on top the hill"; should not be mixed with Sarmizegetusa Regia; the ancient conglomeration of Dacian fortresses (and UNESCO World heritage); 40 km northeast of this Roman colony. But certainly; the star of Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa rose immediately after the final Battle of Sarmizegetusa in 106 AD; which ended the Dacian wars; which began on 25th of March; 101 AD. Trajans legions; using party also the new Danube bridge built by Apollodorus of Damascus; destroyed the royal stronghold; the Roman cavalry captured as well Dacian king Decebalus; who committed suicide. Details are mentioned on Trajan's column in Rome; Italy.Reorganization and reconstruction of the new Roman province Dacia made it necessary to develop a new capitol - the hour of birth for Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa; which developed from a small fort (castrum) and military camp of IV Flavia Felix legion. Reason was its military and commercial position near the Gates of Transylvania. Roman Senate celebrated the city foundation with the mint of new coins. Immediately; the new provincial capital became colony with Italian rights; and Emperor Hadrian made it - to honor Trajan - Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa. 33 ha of space were walled in and fortified; a rectangular area of 500 x 600 m. In addition; further 50 to 80 ha around (extra muros) were used for public monuments; private houses; tombs and temples. While the legion moved to its new camp of Apulum (Alba Iulia city); Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa became the civil headquarter; covering even as a municipality an enormous area. Soon; there were about 25 000 inhabitants living and enjoying the colonial city life; nearly 18 times more than in modern Sarmizegetusa (