It is estimated that between two thirds and three quarters of the Bhutanese population follow Vajrayana Buddhism; which is also the state religion. About one quarter to one third are followers of Hinduism.

Buddhism was introduced to Bhutan in the 7th century AD. According to legend; Guru Rinpoche ordered the Tibetan king Trisong Detsen to have 108 temples built all over the Himalayas. Doing so would aid in subduing a demoness and allow for the construction of Samye Temple in neighbouring Tibet.