The Prophet Muhammad preaching his final sermon to his earliest converts; on Mount Ararat near Mecca; taken from a medieval-era manuscript of the astronomical treatise 'The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries' by the Persian scholar al-Biruni; currently housed in the collection of Edinburgh University Library; Scotland.

Representations of the Prophet Muhammad are controversial; and generally forbidden in Sunni Islam (especially Hanafiyya; Wahabi; Salafiyya). Shia Islam and some other branches of Sunni Islam (Hanbali; Maliki; Shafi'i) are generally more tolerant of such representational images; but even so the Prophet's features are generally veiled or concealed by flames as a mark of deep respect.