Light micrograph of insulin crystals. Endogenous human insulin is a polypeptide hormone produced by the 帣-cells of pancreatic islets. Insulin controls the cellular uptake, use, and storage of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and inhibits the breakdown of proteins, glycogen, and fats. Insulin also plays important roles in somatic growth, cell proliferation, and adiposity. The secretion of insulin to increase the blood sugar level (and of glucagon to decrease it) is the primary mechanism of glucose homeostasis. The disease diabetes mellitus occurs when regulation of glucose levels is lost due to the destruction of 帣-cells (type-1 diabetes) or when body tissues develop an inability to react to insulin (type-2 diabetes). To treat type-1 diabetes, several forms of insulin are synthesized using recombinant DNA technology. Field of view size: 0.30 x 0.45 mm (0.012 x 0.018 in)

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adiposetissueautoimmunediseasebiochemistrybiotechnologybloodglucosecarbohydratescellbiologycellsignalingchemistryclinicalpharmacologycrystaldiabetesmellitusdiabetesdiseasedrugendocrinologyfatsfattyacidsgenetranscriptiongeneticengineeringgeneticsgestationaldiabetesglucagonglucoselevelglucosemetabolismglucoseglycobiologyglycogengrowthactorhealinghealthcarehealthscienceshealthhealthcarehepatologyhormoneshumannutritionhyperglycemiahypoglycemiaillnessinsulinlightmicrographmedicalresearchmedicationmedicinemetabolicdiseasemetabolicpathwaysmetabolicsyndromemetabolismmolecularbiologymoleculargeneticsneurologyneurosciencenutritionobesitypancreaspathologypeptidepharmapharmaceuticalspharmacokineticspharmacologyphotomicrographphysiologyplasmaglucosepolarizedlightproteolysisrecombinantDNAsomatostatinsugar Insulinhormonecrystals(LM):anantidiabeticdrug AntonioRomero Lightmicrographofinsulincrystals.Endogenoushumaninsulinisapolypeptidehormoneproducedbythe帣-cellsofpancreaticislets.Insulincontrolsthecellularuptakeuseandstorageofglucosefattyacidsandaminoacidsandinhibitsthebreakdownofproteinsglycogenandfats.Insulinalsoplaysimportantrolesinsomaticgrowthcellproliferationandadiposity.Thesecretionofinsulintoincreasethebloodsugarlevel(andofglucagontodecreaseit)istheprimarymechanismofglucosehomeostasis.Thediseasediabetesmellitusoccurswhenregulationofglucoselevelsislostduetothedestructionof帣-cells(type-1diabetes)orwhenbodytissuesdevelopaninabilitytoreacttoinsulin(type-2diabetes).Totreattype-1diabetesseveralformsofinsulinaresynthesizedusingrecombinantDNAtechnology.Fieldofviewsize:0.30x0.45mm(0.012x0.018in) Spain
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