Hemingway passport, 1923. Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 - July 2, 1961) was an American author and journalist, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He published seven novels, six short story collections, and two non-fiction works. Three novels, four collections of short stories, and three non-fiction works were published posthumously. Many of these are considered classics of American literature. During WWI he was an ambulance driver on the Italian front. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. In 1922, he moved to Paris, where he worked as a foreign correspondent, and fell under the influence of the modernist writers and artists of the 1920s "Lost Generation" expatriate community. The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway's first novel, was published in 1926. As a journalist he covered the Spanish Civil War, the Normandy Landings and the liberation of Paris. In 1952, Hemingway went on safari to Africa, where he was almost killed in two successive plane crashes that left him in pain or ill health for the rest of his life. In 1959 he moved from Cuba to Ketchum, Idaho, where he committed suicide in the summer of 1961.