John Peabody Harrington (1884-1961) was an American linguist and ethnologist and a specialist in the native peoples of California. Here, in 1935, Chief Wi'ishi of the Mission Indians (at right) is showing techniques of psychic duels. Harrington is credited with gathering some of the first (and often only) recordings of native languages, rituals and songs, and perfecting the phonetics of several different languages. He gathered more than 1 million pages of phonetic notations on languages spoken by tribes from Alaska to South America, only later supplementing his written record with audio recordings when the technology became available.