The Evolution of Man, 1879. A popular exposition of the principal points of human ontogeny and phylogeny by Ernst Haeckel. The naturalist Ernst Haeckel (1834- 1919) was a German biologist, naturalist, philosopher, physician, professor and artist who discovered, described and named thousands of new species, mapped a genealogical tree relating all life forms, and coined many terms in biology, including anthropogeny, ecology, phylum, phylogeny, and the kingdom Protista. Haeckel promoted and popularized Charles Darwin's work in Germany, though he and Darwin did not always agree. Haeckel's racist views, though not exceptional for the time, were incorporated into his scientific work. Haeckel wrongly believed that the gibbon, like the other primates shown here, was a close relative of humans, because it is the only ape which always moves upright on two legs.