Umberto Brunelleschi (June 21, 1879 - February 16, 1949) was an Italian artist. He studied at the Accademia delle Belle Arti in Florence and moved to Paris in 1900 with Ardengo Soffici where he soon established himself as a printer, book illustrator, set and costume designer and was a contributor to many of the deluxe French fashion publications. Fashion is a distinctive and often habitual trend in the style in which a person dresses. It is the prevailing styles in behavior and the newest creations of textile designers. Prior to the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom-made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home production or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning of the 20th century, with the rise of new technologies such as the sewing machine, the development of the factory system of production, and the emergence of department stores, clothing had increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and sold at fixed prices.