Yakov Mikhaylovich Sverdlov, also known under the pseudonyms "Andrei", "Mikhalych", "Max", "Smirnov" and "Permyakov". He was a Bolshevik party leader and an official of the Russian Soviet Republic, involved in the 1905 and 1917 revolutions. He ordered the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family -- Yekaterinburg where they died was renamed Sverdlovsk in 1924 in his honour, not reverting to its original name until 1991.