Andr? Massena, 1804, (1839). 'Mass?na (Andr?) Duc de Rivoli, Mar?chal de France'. Portrait of Andr? Massena (1758-1817), Marshal of France. Massena was a French military commander during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. He is considered by military historians as one of the greatest field commanders in history and is often ranked among generals of his generation second only to Napoleon himself. He was also the Duke of Rivoli and Prince of Essling. From "Galerie Des Mar?chaux De France. D?di?e ? l'Arm?e de Terre et de Mer" (Gallery of the Marshals of France. Dedicated to the Army of Land and Sea), by Charles Gavard. [De Fain, Paris, 1839]