'Signing of the Treaty of Westphalia', 24 October 1648, (1890). Signed on 24 October 1648 to mark the end of the Thirty Years' War, which caused the deaths of approximately eight million people in Europe. Among commanders involved were Marshal Turenne, Prince de Conde for France, Wallenstein for the Empire and Tilly for the Catholic League. From "Cassell's Illustrated Universal History, Vol. IV - Modern History", by Edmund Ollier. [Cassell and Company, Limited, London, Paris and Melbourne, 1890]