Gutenberg, Johannes (Johann) (1398-1468), German goldsmith and inventor portrayed on his departure from the French city of Strasbourg in 1444. It is speculated that business problems in Strasbourg caused Gutenberg to return to his birthplace of the German city of Mainz. He Gis shown on foot leading a simple cart carrying his tools, the printing press and all the typographic material. He had returned to Mainz by 1448 and in 1450, had a printing machine perfected and ready to use commercially: The Gutenberg press. In 1455, the first printed complete Bible, now famous as the Gutenberg Bible, was published.