CHT216705 Exams for military officers (left) and for men of letters (right) (colour litho) by Vietnamese School (19th century); Ecole Francaise d\'Extreme Orient, Paris, France; (add.info.: Concours des officiers militaires (a gauche) et concours des lettres (a droite); examinations held every 3 years; the position of successful \'lettres\' was very important in a Vietnamese society impregnated in Confucian philosophy; unique path to glory and wealth; successful candidates known as \'Cu Nhan\'; after final examination a year later they were called \'Tien Si\' or \'men of vast knowledge\';); 穢 Archives Charmet; Vietnamese, out of copyright.