FSG325330 The captivity of Cai Wenji (178-249 AD), 14th-15th century (ink on paper) by Chinese School, Ming Dynasty (1368-1644); 30.6x770 cm; Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution, USA; (add.info.: Traditionally attributed to Gong Kai (1222-1307);Cai Yan (c. 178 ??post 206; or c. 170??15; or died c. 249),[1] courtesy name Wenji, was a poet and musician who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. She was the daughter of Cai Yong. Her courtesy name was originally Zhaoji, but was changed to Wenji during the Jin dynasty. She spent part of her life as a captive of the Xiongnu until 207, when the warlord Cao Cao, who controlled the Han central government in the final years of the Eastern Han dynasty, paid a heavy ransom to bring her back to Han territory.[); Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian Institution; Gift of Charles Lang Freer; Chinese, out of copyright.