19th century illustration of Nagasaki Bay, Japan showing Dutch and Chinese boats as well as other smaller fishing boats. To the left of the illustration, is the crescent-shaped artificial island of Deshima built in 1634. From 1641 to 1859, the Dutch were the only Europeans allowed to trade with Japan. They weren't allowed into Japan, but had to remain on Dejima. Illustration from the workshop of Kawahara Keiga.