1169842 Portugal: King Manuel I of Portugal, known as \'Manuel the Fortunate\' (oil on canvas) by Portuguese School, (16th century); Museu de Marinha, Lisbon, Portugal; (add.info.: During the reign of Manuel I (1495-1521), Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama discovered a maritime route to India around Africa (1498); Portuguese Pedro Alvares Cabral discovered Brazil (1500); Portuguese Francisco de Almeida was appointed first viceroy of India (1505); and between 1503 and 1515, Alfonso de Albuquerque secured a monopoly on Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean maritime trade routes for Portugal. It was no surprise King Manuel was nicknamed \'Emanuel the Fortunate\'.); Pictures from History; Portuguese, out of copyright.