History of Spain. Napoleonic invasion. General d'Armagnac entered Pamplona on 9 February 1808. He arrived as an ally, although with the hidden goal of taking the citadel. He intended to lodge two battalions inside the citadel, but was denied permission by the Viceroy of Navarre, the Marquis of Villasantoro. After the ban, on 16 February, using the soldiers who went to the citadel at dawn every day to collect bread for the troops and a small group of selected soldiers, they managed to take over the fortress with the help of two companies of grenadiers. Surprise of the Pamplona Citadel. Engraving. Historia del Levantamiento, guerra y revolucion de Espana by the Conde de Toreno. Madrid, 1851. (Photo by: Prisma/Universal Images Group via Getty Images)