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Orchilla lichen (Roccella canariensis) on the island of El Hierro (Canary Islands). Roccella canariensis is a fruticose lichen of the Roccellaceae family known as Orchilla from which a natural dye used for the colour purple is extracted (orcein). It grows on the Canary Islands, on cliffs exposed to the trade winds, and was particularly prized by the Romans and by Genoese and Venetian cloth merchants in the 15th century. It was one of the main historical exports of the Canary Islands. El Hierro

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Roccella canariensis Tinctorial plant Spring Rock Wealth Canary Islands archipelago Lichen Biosphere reserve Endemic Basalt UNESCO's World Heritage Pioneer species May Macaronesia Roccella Ramalina Nobody Lithophyte species El Hierro (island)Geopark Orchilla Lichen (Roccella canariensis)Tinctorial plants Dye-plant Dye-plants Rocks Wealthy Lichens Biosphere reserves Endemics Endemic species Basalts World Heritage Site Colonizing species With nobody Saxicolous species Plant use Agronomy Natural resources use Temperate season Seasons Ambiance Earth's crust Spain European Union Europe Flora Environment protection Environment management Biodiversity management Environment Species particularity Species Igneous volcanic rock Magmatic rock North Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean World sea and ocean Roccellaceae Arthoniales Arthoniomycetes Pezizomycotina Ascomycota Dicaryomycota Eumycota Fungi Opisthokonta Eukaryota Ramalinaceae Lecanorales Lecanoromycetes Individual

(Roccella (island)Agronomy Ambiance Arthoniales Arthoniomycetes Ascomycota Atlantic Atlantic Basalt Basalts Biodiversity Biosphere Biosphere Canary Colonizing Dicaryomycota Dye-plant Dye-plants Earth's El Endemic Endemic Endemics Environment Environment Environment Eukaryota Eumycota Europe European Flora Fungi Geopark Heritage Heritage Hierro Igneous Individual Islands Lecanorales Lecanoromycetes Lichen Lichen Lichens Lithophyte Macaronesia Magmatic May Natural Nobody North Ocean Ocean Opisthokonta Orchilla Pezizomycotina Pioneer Plant Ramalina Ramalinaceae Roccella Roccella Roccellaceae Rock Rocks Saxicolous Seasons Site Spain Species Species Spring Temperate Tinctorial Tinctorial UNESCO's Union Wealth Wealthy With World World World and archipelago canariensis canariensis)crust management management nobody ocean particularity plant plants protection reserve reserves resources rock rock sea season species species species species species use use volcanic

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