Adolf Hitler, right, welcomes Benito Mussolini in Kufstein, Austria on the occasion of the Munich Conference, 1938. Adolf Hitler,1889 - 1945. German politician, demagogue, Pan-German revolutionary, leader of the Nazi Party, Chancellor of Germany, and Fuhrer of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini, 1883 - 1945. Italian politician, journalist, leader of the National Fascist Party and Italian Prime Minister from 1922 to 1943. From These Tremendous Years, published 1938.