The Nanking Massacre or Nanjing Massacre, also known as the Rape of Nanking, is a mass murder and war rape that occurred during the six-week period following the Japanese capture of the city of Nanjing (Nanking), the former capital of the Republic of China, on December 13, 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War.

During this period, hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians and disarmed soldiers were murdered and 20,000??0,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army.