David Livingstone (1813-1873), Scottish explorer and medical missionary. Livingstone studied medicine and theology in Glasgow before being ordained as a missionary in 1840. He reached Botswana in Africa a year later and began organising expeditions into the interior. During an expedition along the Zambesi River he discovered and named the Victoria Falls, and then went on to reach the mouth of the Zambesi. During his time in Africa, Livingstone mapped much of its interior, wrote accounts of the native peoples, and campaigned against slavery.